Arianna O’Dell, a 30-year-old entrepreneur and songwriter based in New York City, had a tumultuous four-year journey in cryptocurrency before selling her investments in February.

During her rollercoaster ride, bitcoin prices swung from less than $1,000 to nearly $20,000. O’Dell may not have made optimal decisions about when to buy or sell, and missed out on the recent rally – but said she does not regret that.

Investing $2,705 worth of proceeds into her business was better than enduring the stress of daily fluctuations, even though the price has since doubled, she said.

“Honestly, I’ve had more luck in Vegas than I’ve had with cryptocurrencies,” O’Dell said in an interview.

She is part of a relatively new class of retail investors who joined the cryptocurrency market years ago, helping propel bitcoin’s price to a high of nearly $20,000. Not willing to stomach the subsequent volatility and having lost hope in a recovery, many cashed out, and are now missing the latest bonanza.

Bitcoin has gained approximately 160 percent this year and was last trading at $19,239 on Wednesday, edging closer to its all-time high of about $19,666 hit in December 2017.

Yet those amateur investors who have been a big part of the market, sharing advice on social media and investment forums, are not fuelling the surge, cryptocurrency experts told Reuters News Agency.

“This rally is largely driven by institutional buy-in,” said Tim Ogilvie, CEO of Staked, which provides institutions with infrastructure services for crypto-assets. He pointed to hedge fund managers like Paul Tudor Jones and Stanley Druckenmiller including bitcoin in their broad investment strategies.

Like O’Dell, however, several retail investors who had money on the line during prior bitcoin whipsaws expressed the same emotion about having divested: relief.

Akram Tariq Khan, an entrepreneur in New Delhi, got into bitcoin in 2017 with assets totalling $160,000 at their peak. But the 25-year-old got spooked as the price dove by almost 50 percent, and sold. In all, he has lost about $10,000 in capital.

“In retrospect, holding seems like the right decision, but when you’ve bought something at a much higher price and you see the price going down the drain there is a psychological impact,” said Khan, co-founder of e-commerce company YourLibaas.

“Bitcoin could have gone to $1,000 and never come back.”

‘Zero expected return’

Investing in cryptocurrencies is like playing roulette, some experts say, because no one really understands what is happening. Unlike stocks or bonds, where business trends or central bank decisions can affect prices, cryptocurrency values remain an enigma.

Analysts have rarely pinpointed causes when prices suddenly crash, or stall for years.

Even big fish are baffled.

Billionaire Masayoshi Son, CEO of Japan’s Softbank, spoke for many in professional investing last week when he described how he had no regrets at missing out on the latest rally, having sold out in 2018 for a loss of about $50m.

“Today, it’s maybe more than the price that I sold, but I feel so much better because at least I don’t have to put my mind in something I don’t understand,” he told a New York Times event.

Michael Edesess, an adjunct associate professor at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, described bitcoin as “a not very rational investment”.

“To a mathematician and economist like myself, bitcoin offers a zero expected return – that is, the odds it will go up or down by the same amount, are equal,” he said.

Some small investors did hold onto their bitcoin, adopting the “HODL” mantra, which stemmed from a 2013 post where a user misspelled his intent to keep “hodling” bitcoin instead of “holding” it.

But others were just looking for a quick buck and bought near the top of the market.

“They’ll come in after their idiot nephew who still lives in their sister’s basement makes $100,000,” said cryptocurrency consultant Colin Platt.

‘Talk of crash coming’

It is impossible to know the exact breakdown between retail and professional investors because transactions are anonymous, and exchanges do not share detailed information about users.

Many cryptocurrency experts said, though, that institutional investors have played a bigger role than this year than in the past. They cited demand for riskier assets amid unprecedented stimulus programmes to counter COVID-19, and expectations bitcoin will win wider acceptance as a method of payment.

They also pointed to improvements in the market structure having attracted bigger investors, as well as significantly fewer Google searches for the term “bitcoin,” which typically increase alongside amateur involvement.

However, some experts also said a new wave of retail participation may be ahead since Main Street investors typically amp up participation at the height of a bubble.

For instance, Livi Morris, a London-based musician, saw her cryptocurrency portfolio lose 70-80 percent soon after buying into the sector in January 2018. She held onto the assets until June this year, when values were a fraction of the prices she paid.

Morris expressed regret about selling too early but has started buying cryptocurrency again in recent weeks after reading that bigger companies have entered the market. She’s focused on smaller virtual coins, hoping this time will be different.

“When I invested in 2017, there was a lot of talk of a crash coming,” she said. “It feels like times have changed.”

You Deserve to Make Money Even When you are looking for Dates Online.

So we reimagined what a dating should be.

It begins with giving you back power. Get to meet Beautiful people, chat and make money in the process. Earn rewards by chatting, sharing photos, blogging and help give users back their fair share of Internet revenue.