WHO. Obesity and overweight WHO: 17–05–2017; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.
Park MH, Falconer C, Viner RM, Kinra S. The impact of childhood obesity on morbidity and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2012;13(11):985–1000.
Quek YH, Tam WWS, Zhang MWB, Ho RCM. Exploring the association between childhood and adolescent obesity and depression: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2017;18(7):742–54.
Crichton GE, Alkerwi A. Association of sedentary behavior time with ideal cardiovascular health: the ORISCAV-LUX study. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(6): e99829.
Leiva AM, Martinez MA, Cristi-Montero C, Salas C, Ramirez-Campillo R, Diaz Martinez X, et al. Sedentary lifestyle is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors independent of physical activity. Rev Med Chil. 2017;145(4):458–67.
Seral-Cortes M, Sabroso-Lasa S, Bailo-Aysa A, Gonzalez-Gross M, Molnar D, Censi L, et al. Mediterranean diet, screen-time-based sedentary behavior and their interaction effect on adiposity in European adolescents: the HELENA study. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):474.
Leech RM, McNaughton SA, Timperio A. The clustering of diet, physical activity and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents: a review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014;11:4.
Tarp J, Brond JC, Andersen LB, Moller NC, Froberg K, Grontved A. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and long-term cardiovascular risk in young people: A review and discussion of methodology in prospective studies. J Sport Health Sci. 2016;5(2):145–50.
Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Gomez-Martinez S, Nova E, Hernandez A, Labayen I, Kafatos A, et al. Lifestyle patterns and endocrine, metabolic, and immunological biomarkers in European adolescents: The HELENA study. Pediatr Diabetes. 2019;20(1):23–31.
Borel AL. Sleep apnea and sleep habits: relationships with metabolic syndrome. Nutrients. 2019;11(11):2628.
Hense S, Pohlabeln H, De Henauw S, Eiben G, Molnar D, Moreno LA, et al. Sleep duration and overweight in European children: is the association modified by geographic region? Sleep. 2011;34(7):885–90.
Sparano S, Lauria F, Ahrens W, Fraterman A, Thumann B, Iacoviello L, et al. Sleep duration and blood pressure in children: Analysis of the pan-European IDEFICS cohort. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2019;21(5):572–8.
Leech RM, McNaughton SA, Timperio A. Clustering of diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour among Australian children: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with overweight and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond). 2015;39(7):1079–85.
Fernandez-Jimenez R, Santos-Beneit G, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Bodega P, de Miguel M, de Cos-Gandoy A, et al. Rationale and design of the school-based SI! Program to face obesity and promote health among Spanish adolescents: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J. 2019;215:27–40.
Bel-Serrat S, Mouratidou T, Pala V, Huybrechts I, Börnhorst C, Fernández-Alvira JM, et al. Relative validity of the Children’s Eating Habits Questionnaire-food frequency section among young European children: the IDEFICS Study. Public Health Nutr. 2014;17(2):266–76.
Lanfer A, Hebestreit A, Ahrens W, Krogh V, Sieri S, Lissner L, et al. Reproducibility of food consumption frequencies derived from the Children’s Eating Habits Questionnaire used in the IDEFICS study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;35(Suppl 1):S61–8.
Fernández-Alvira JM, Börnhorst C, Bammann K, Gwozdz W, Krogh V, Hebestreit A, et al. Prospective associations between socio-economic status and dietary patterns in European children: the Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-induced Health Effects in Children and Infants (IDEFICS) Study. Br J Nutr. 2015;113(3):517–25.
Bodega P, Fernández-Alvira JM, Santos-Beneit G, de Cos-Gandoy A, Fernández-Jiménez R, Moreno LA, et al. Dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in Spanish adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis of the SI! Program for health promotion in Secondary Schools. Nutrients. 2019;11(10):2297.
Rich C, Geraci M, Griffiths L, Sera F, Dezateux C, Cortina-Borja M. Quality control methods in accelerometer data processing: defining minimum wear time. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(6): e67206.
Cole RJ, Kripke DF, Gruen W, Mullaney DJ, Gillin JC. Automatic sleep/wake identification from wrist activity. Sleep. 1992;15(5):461–9.
Kripke DF, Hahn EK, Grizas AP, Wadiak KH, Loving RT, Poceta JS, et al. Wrist actigraphic scoring for sleep laboratory patients: algorithm development. J Sleep Res. 2010;19(4):612–9.
Quante M, Kaplan ER, Cailler M, Rueschman M, Wang R, Weng J, et al. Actigraphy-based sleep estimation in adolescents and adults: a comparison with polysomnography using two scoring algorithms. Nat Sci Sleep. 2018;10:13–20.
Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España 2017: Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social; 2018 [Available from: https://www.mscbs.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/encuestaNacional/encuesta2017.htm.
Santos-Beneit G, Sotos-Prieto M, Pocock S, Redondo J, Fuster V, Penalvo JL. Association between anthropometry and high blood pressure in a representative sample of preschoolers in madrid. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2015;68(6):477–84.
Fryar CD, Gu Q, Ogden CL. Anthropometric reference data for children and adults: United States, 2007–2010. Vital Health Stat 11. 2012;252:1–48.
Sharma AK, Metzger DL, Daymont C, Hadjiyannakis S, Rodd CJ. LMS tables for waist-circumference and waist-height ratio Z-scores in children aged 5–19 y in NHANES III: association with cardio-metabolic risks. Pediatr Res. 2015;78(6):723–9.
Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH. Clinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight velocity, and stages of puberty. Arch Dis Child. 1976;51(3):170–9.
I.N.E: Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Encuesta anual de estructura salarial [Available from: https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9948.
UNESCO. International Standard Classification of Education, ISCED 2011. Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics; 2012.
Perez-Rodrigo C, Gil A, Gonzalez-Gross M, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, et al. Clustering of dietary patterns, lifestyles, and overweight among Spanish children and adolescents in the ANIBES Study. Nutrients. 2015;8(1):11.
Bel-Serrat S, Ojeda-Rodriguez A, Heinen MM, Buoncristiano M, Abdrakhmanova S, Duleva V, et al. Clustering of multiple energy balance-related behaviors in school children and its association with overweight and obesity-WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI 2015–2017). Nutrients. 2019;11(3):511.
Ottevaere C, Huybrechts I, Benser J, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Cuenca-Garcia M, Dallongeville J, et al. Clustering patterns of physical activity, sedentary and dietary behavior among European adolescents: The HELENA study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:328.
Dumuid D, Olds T, Lewis LK, Martin-Fernandez JA, Barreira T, Broyles S, et al. The adiposity of children is associated with their lifestyle behaviours: a cluster analysis of school-aged children from 12 nations. Pediatr Obes. 2018;13(2):111–9.
Sevil-Serrano J, Aibar-Solana A, Abos A, Julian JA, Garcia-Gonzalez L. Healthy or unhealthy? The cocktail of health-related behavior profiles in Spanish adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(17):3151.
Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Mouratidou T, Reisch L, Pigeot I, Ahrens W, Mårild S, et al. Clustering of lifestyle behaviours and relation to body composition in European children. The IDEFICS study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(7):811–6.
Bel-Serrat S, Mouratidou T, Santaliestra-Pasias AM, Iacoviello L, Kourides YA, Marild S, et al. Clustering of multiple lifestyle behaviours and its association to cardiovascular risk factors in children: the IDEFICS study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013;67(8):848–54.
Veloso SM, Matos MG, Carvalho M, Diniz JA. Psychosocial factors of different health behaviour patterns in adolescents: association with overweight and weight control behaviours. J Obes. 2012;2012: 852672.
van der Sluis ME, Lien N, Twisk JW, Steenhuis IH, Bere E, Klepp KI, et al. Longitudinal associations of energy balance-related behaviours and cross-sectional associations of clusters and body mass index in Norwegian adolescents. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(10A):1716–21.
Garaulet M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Rey-López JP, Béghin L, Manios Y, et al. Short sleep duration is associated with increased obesity markers in European adolescents: effect of physical activity and dietary habits. The HELENA study Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;35(10):1308–17.
de Lima TR, Silva DAS. Association of sleep quality with sociodemographic factors and lifestyle in adolescents from southern Brazil. World J Pediatr. 2018;14(4):383–91.
Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, Alessi C, Bruni O, DonCarlos L, et al. National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep Health. 2015;1(1):40–3.
CoP E. Children, Adolescents, and Television. Pediatrics. 2001;107(2):423–6.
World Health Organization. Office of World Health R. The World health report. reducing risks, promoting healthy life : overview. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. p. 2002.
Tudor-Locke C, Craig CL, Beets MW, Belton S, Cardon GM, Duncan S, et al. How many steps/day are enough? for children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:78.
Chandler JL, Brazendale K, Beets MW, Mealing BA. Classification of physical activity intensities using a wrist-worn accelerometer in 8–12-year-old children. Pediatr Obes. 2016;11(2):120–7.
